Coronary heart disease occurs when some of the arteries that carry blood to the heart muscle become narrowed with fatty deposits. In this condition fatty deposits called plaque, composed of cholesterol (see later) and fats, build up on the inner wall of the coronary arteries. When arteries are narrowed, the heart is not fully supplied with the oxygen and other nutrients it needs. If an artery · CAD also known as coronary heart disease or ischemic heart disease is a disease caused by the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries, referred to as atherosclerosis which reduces the amount of oxygenated blood to the heart (McPhee & Papadakis, ) In women, diabetes appear to be a stronger risk factor disease, for the development of coronary heart disease than in men regardless of age,menopausal status and Coronary whether or not the patient is insulin or non-insulin dependent. Objective of this study was to compare the angiography, angiographic extent of coronary artery disease between diabetic men and diabetic women. Diabetes Method
Coronary heart disease: Causes, symptoms, and treatment
There are three main types of coronary heart disease: obstructive coronary artery disease, nonobstructive coronary artery disease, and coronary microvascular disease. Coronary artery disease affects the large arteries on the surface of the heart. Many people have both obstructive and nonobstructive forms of this disease.
Coronary microvascular disease affects the tiny arteries in the heart muscle. The cause depends on the type of coronary heart disease. Visit How the Heart Works to learn more. Plaque buildup in the arteries is called atherosclerosis. When this buildup happens in the heart's arteries over many years, the arteries become narrower and harden, reducing oxygen -rich blood flow to the heart.
The result is coronary artery disease. The blood flow may eventually be completely blocked in one or more of the three large coronary arteries. In nonobstructive coronary artery disease, the large arteries may be narrowed by plaque, but not as much as they are in obstructive disease. Small plaques can also develop in the small blood vessels in the heart, causing coronary microvascular disease.
For example, the blood vessels may not respond to signals that the heart needs more oxygen-rich blood. Normally, the blood vessels widen to allow more blood flow when a person is physically active or under stress. But if you have coronary heart disease, the size of these blood vessels may not change, or the blood vessels may even narrow. In nonobstructive coronary artery disease, damage coronary heart disease essay the inner walls of the coronary arteries can cause them to spasm suddenly tighten.
This is called vasospasm. The spasm causes the arteries to narrow temporarily and blocks blood flow coronary heart disease essay the heart. These problems can also happen in the tiny blood vessels in the heart, causing coronary microvascular disease sometimes called coronary syndrome X. Coronary microvascular disease can happen with or without obstructive or nonobstructive coronary artery disease.
Plaque can attract platelets and white blood cells to the area of buildup in the large coronary arteries, causing inflammation. Inflammation can also prevent the small arteries of the heart from responding to the physical, electrical, and chemical signals that tell the arteries when the heart needs more oxygen-rich blood. Coronary heart disease essay can lead to coronary microvascular disease. There are many risk factors for coronary heart disease.
Your risk of coronary heart disease goes up with the number of risk factors you have and how serious they are. Some risk factors—such as high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol —can be changed through heart-healthy lifestyle changes.
Other risk factors, such as sex, older age, family history and geneticsand race and ethnicity, cannot be changed. Genetic or lifestyle factors cause plaque to build up in your arteries as you age.
In men, the risk for coronary heart disease starts to increase around age Before menopause, women have a lower risk of coronary heart disease than men. This is likely because women make less estrogen a female hormone after menopause. Also, changes in the small blood vessels of the heart as you age raise the risk for coronary microvascular disease. Air coronary heart disease essay in the environment can put you at higher risk of coronary heart disease.
The increase in risk may be higher in older adults, women, and people who have diabetes or obesity. Air pollution may cause or worsen other conditions, coronary heart disease essay, such coronary heart disease essay atherosclerosis and high blood pressure, coronary heart disease essay, which are known to increase your risk for coronary heart disease. A family history of early heart disease is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. This is especially true if your father or brother was diagnosed before age 55, or if your mother or sister was diagnosed before age Research shows that some genes are linked with a higher risk for coronary heart disease.
Unhealthy lifestyle habits that are risk factors include the following:. Learn about steps you can take to improve your heart health coronary heart disease essay our Heart-Healthy Living topic.
Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death for people of most racial and ethnic groups in the United States, including African Americans, Hispanics, and whites. For Asian Americans or Pacific Islanders and American Indians or Alaska Natives, heart disease is second only to cancer. People of South Asian ancestry are at higher risk of developing coronary heart disease and serious complications than other Asian Americans.
Coronary heart disease affects men and women. Obstructive coronary artery disease is more common in men. However, nonobstructive coronary artery disease is more common in women.
Since the nonobstructive type is harder to diagnose, women may not be diagnosed and treated as quickly as men. If you are a woman having chest discomfort or shortness of breath during physical activity, ask your doctor about tests to check for nonobstructive coronary artery disease or coronary microvascular disease.
Women may have a higher than normal risk for developing coronary heart disease if they have one of the following conditions. You should start getting screening tests and risk assessments for coronary heart disease around age 20 if you do not have any risk factors for coronary heart disease. Children may need screening if they have risk factors, such as obesity, low levels of physical activity, coronary heart disease essay, or a family history of heart problems.
Afterward, coronary heart disease essay, your doctor may recommend preventive treatments such as heart-healthy lifestyle changes to help you lower your risk of coronary heart disease. Screening usually occurs in a doctor's office, but sometimes screenings are done at health fairs, drugstores, or other places.
Blood samples might be collected at your doctor's office, a hospital, or a laboratory. Ask your doctor or nurse whether you need to fast not eat or drink anything besides water before the blood tests. Your doctor may use a risk calculator to estimate your risk of having a heart attack, having a stroke, or dying from a heart or blood vessel disease in the next 10 years or throughout your lifetime.
For example, the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ASCVD Estimator considers your cholesterol levels, age, sex, race, and blood pressure. It also factors in whether you smoke or take medicines to manage your high blood pressure or cholesterol. Ask about your risk during your annual check-up. Knowing your risk will help you and your doctor decide on healthy lifestyle changes and possibly medicines to lower your risk.
Risk assessments should be repeated every 4 to 6 years in adults 20 to 79 years of age coronary heart disease essay do not have heart or blood vessel disease. No single risk calculator is appropriate for all people, coronary heart disease essay.
Calculators can give you and your doctor a good idea about your risk, but your doctor might have to consider other factors to estimate your risk more accurately. Commonly used risk calculators might not accurately estimate risk in certain situations, such as if you:. In these cases, your doctor may suggest other tests for coronary heart disease even if the ASCVD Risk Estimator says you are not coronary heart disease essay high risk, coronary heart disease essay.
Studies show that heart-healthy living —never smoking, eating healthy, and being physically active—throughout life can prevent coronary heart disease and its complications. Work with your doctor to set up a plan that works for you based on your lifestyle, your home and neighborhood environments, and your culture.
Working with a team of healthcare providers may help with making changes in your diet, being physically active, managing other medical conditions, and helping you quit smoking. Some people have severe symptoms of coronary heart disease. Others have no symptoms at all. Women are somewhat less likely than men to experience chest pain.
Instead, they are more likely to experience:. The symptoms may get worse as the buildup of plaque continues to narrow the coronary arteries. Chest pain or discomfort that does not go away or happens more often or while you are resting might be a sign of a heart attack.
If you do not know whether your chest pain is angina or a heart attack, call right away. All chest pain should be checked by a doctor. Your doctor will diagnose coronary heart disease based on your symptomsyour medical and family history, your risk factorsand the results from tests and procedures. It is important to seek care right away if you have symptoms of coronary heart disease. Your doctor will ask about your eating and physical activity habits, your medical history, your family history, and risk factors for coronary heart disease.
Your doctor may ask whether you have any other signs or symptoms. This information can help your coronary heart disease essay determine whether you have complications or other conditions that may cause coronary heart disease. If you have coronary heart disease risk factorscoronary heart disease essay, your doctor may recommend diagnostic tests even if you do not have symptoms.
Nonobstructive coronary artery disease and coronary microvascular disease can be missed because patients or doctors may not recognize the warning signs. Diagnosing these types often requires more invasive tests or specialized tests, such as cardiac PET scans, coronary heart disease essay, that are not widely available. Your treatment plan depends on how severe coronary heart disease essay disease is, the severity of your symptoms, and any other health conditions you may have.
Possible treatments for coronary heart disease include heart-healthy lifestyle changes, medicines, or procedures such as coronary artery bypass grafting or percutaneous coronary intervention. Your doctor will consider your year risk calculation when deciding how best to treat your coronary heart disease. Learn more about heart-healthy living. Your doctor may recommend medicines to manage your risk factors or treat underlying causes of coronary heart disease.
Some medicines can reduce or prevent chest pain and manage other medical conditions that may be contributing to your coronary heart disease. You may need a procedure or heart surgery to treat more advanced coronary heart disease. If you have been diagnosed with coronary heart disease, it is important that you continue your treatment plan.
Get regular follow-up care to control your condition and prevent complications. It is important to get routine medical care and to take all medicines regularly, as your doctor prescribes.
Do not change the amount of your medicine or skip a dose unless your doctor tells you to. Talk with your doctor about how often you should schedule office visits and blood tests.
Between visits, call your doctor if you have any new symptoms, if your symptoms worsen, or if you have problems with your blood pressure or blood sugar. Return to Treatment to review possible treatment options for coronary heart disease.
You may be referred for exercise-based cardiac rehabilitationalso called cardiac rehab, to manage symptoms and reduce the chances of future problems such as heart attack.
Understanding Cardiovascular Disease: Visual Explanation for Students
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Coronary heart disease is a condition where plaque (waxy substance) builds up within the coronary arteries. These arteries deliver oxygen-rich blood to your heart. The plaque is made up of cholesterol and other cells. A heart attack can happen when there is a tear in the plaque, this triggers blood platelets and other substances start to form a blood clot at the site that blocks blood from Coronary Heart Disease Essay. Satisfactory Essays. Words; 4 Pages; Open Document. Essay Sample Check Writing Quality. There are many causes in America that leads to mortality. Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in America. Coronary heart disease, heart attacks, and other diseases can lead to heart failure. Coronary heart disease cost an estimate of $ billion for Coronary Artery Disease Heart disease is the most common cause of death across the United States. Within this category of cardiovascular disease, Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) remains the most prevalent among American adults. Defined most generally as damage or disease within the heart’s major blood vessels, this disease has an approximate incidence of % among American adults over 20
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